Evaluation and Optimization of Wave Energy Converters: A Systematic Perspective on Methods and Design Optimization Research Trend

Abstract

The escalating global demand for renewable energy positions wave power as a critical sustainable resource. However, the widespread adoption of Wave Energy Converters (WECs) is impeded by challenges in optimizing hydrodynamic efficiency and reducing lifecycle costs. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the technological evolution of WECs, focusing on design optimization methods and emergent trends. A three-step methodology was employed, integrating descriptive analysis, bibliometric mapping, and a systematic review of optimization strategies. Our findings reveal a significant research trajectory towards hybrid energy systems, which co-locate WECs with offshore wind platforms to enhance energy capture and economic viability. The study underscores the pivotal role of advanced computational techniques, such as hybrid optimization algorithms, in elevating WEC performance. Nevertheless, critical gaps persist, primarily the lack of extensive experimental validation for numerical models and the need for algorithms with faster convergence. This review synthesizes the current state-of-the-art, offering valuable insights to direct future research toward more efficient and commercially viable WEC technologies.